Analyzing the Effects of Horizontal Extension of the City on Social Capitals, Case Study: Maraghe City

According to inevitable urban growth based on predictions made, this process will continue in the next decade and its resulting  movements, will lead to the settlement and  concentration of population in major cities. The purpose of this paper is to study t the effects of horizontal extension  of the city on the  social capital of citizens. In fact, it can be said that there is a relationship between  the shape and form of urban extension  and social factors.
In order to collect information, library and field methods were used. Library and  documentary methods were used for social equity part and the degree of citizens' of  different districts  to different types of services and sport , cultural, educational commercial ,park, green and sanitary spaces and health services.In other words. to measure the citizens' access to various services and facilities , the statistics of per capita  in comprehensive project of  Maraghe has been used. Other required information was used by the questionnaire method. social capital has five components including  (social security and the environment - Register - Partnerships - social interaction - trust) .The questionnaire was designed based on the components of social capital. Number of  samples with a population of 162,356 of Maraghe city based on statistical census of year 2001, according to Cochran formula, was 320 samples. Questionnaires were randomly distributed at the community level in order to gather people's opinions, and then the raw data obtained by SPSS software. Related variables such as urban extension, density, access, distance, and etc. as independent variables and variables related to social capital as dependent variables are considered. In order to evaluate and analyze social capital and the extent of its relationship with the extension of Maraghe using advanced statistical analysis such as correlation coefficient, multiple regression and factor analysis were used. The results show significant indicators of density by a factor of 0.026 and 0.699 beta has had the greatest impact on the components of social capital. Indexes of the  distance from the city center, open space, the growth rate of household, the average duration of residence and family size, have an impact on the level of social capital respectively.