Presenting a Model to Improve Livability in Underground Public Spaces of Cities

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

2 Associate professor, Department of Urban Development, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Assistant professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

Abstract

Population increase has led to the growth of crowded, dense and congested cities, which has, in turn, resulted in the development at altitude and underground. Despite the benefits of crowded populations, such congestion has posed a threat to human quality of life. The concept of viability, in response to this concern, addresses the objective and subjective qualities that people expect from the environment. New subsurface developments, which are mainly due to the increase in density and congestion in cities, has paid less attention to human biodiversity below the ground but to the functional aspects. Reduction of social oversight, security, ventilation, lighting and humidity control, readability, and orientation are among the most important challenges of this type of development. The need to create and popularize the use of dynamic and community-oriented public spaces in the subsurface has been the impetus for this research. In order to provide a model for improving livability in subterranean public spaces of cities, the collected qualitative data were analyzed simultaneously by a documentary method (basic analysis) and grounded theory approach (complementary analysis). The data were collected employing a documentary approach and semi-structured interview. The Nvivo software was used for qualitative data analysis and coding. From the combination of baseline and complementary analyses, such elements as performance-accessibility, perceptual, identity, environment, and resilience components were identified and studied which are the key components that make up a livable subsurface. Also, the grounded theory was used to present the model. Based on the questions raised in the interview process, 389 referrals were made. Following multiple revisions and integration of codes based on similarity during several stages of data summarization, 20 initial codes and 7 axial codes were extracted and after discovering the causal relationships, a livable subsurface space model based on the snowflake pattern was presented.

Keywords

References

Abass Zadegan,Mostafa; Elahi, Masoud; Anam Pour, Mohammad( 2012), Developing multi-layer public spaces in central part of Mashhad, Period 3, Nos. 39-40, Pages 70-81.http://www.haftshahrjournal.ir/article_20391.html
Admiraal, H., & Cornaro, A. (2018). Future cities–resilient cities. In Underground Spaces Unveiled: Planning and creating the cities of the future (pp. 115-127): ICE Publishing.
Alalhesabi, Mehran; Molaei, Asghar;(2013), Elevating big cities sustainability against environmental dangers with underground development procedure (case study: Tehran), Environment Logistics Quarterly,No.22, pages 39-62.https://www.magiran.com/paper/1222952
Bobylev, N. (2016). Underground space as an urban indicator: Measuring use of subsurface. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology 55 (2016) 40–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.10.024
Broere, W. (2016). Urban underground space: Solving the problems of today’s cities. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology 55 (2016) 245-248. doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.11.012
Daniel L.Childersa, Steward T.A.Pickettb, J, Morgan Grove, Laura, Ogdend, Alison, Whitmere (2014). Advancing urban sustainability theory and action: Challenges and opportunities. Land. Urban Plan, 125, 320–328. 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.022
Falahi, Alireza(20140, Documentary of  Gugi underground city planning in Vietnam from passive defense view, residence and village environment Quarterly, No.147, Pages 51-64.https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=227543
Ghasemi.Kimia,  Hamzenejad. Mahdi, Meshkini. Abolfazl (2019), The livability of Iranian and Islamic cities considering the nature of traditional land uses in the city and the rules of their settlement, Habitat International, Volume 90, August 2019, 102006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.102006
Hend H. Yassin, Livable city: An approach to pedestrianization through tactical urbanism, Alexandria Engineering Journal (2019) 58, 251–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2019.02.005
Hosseini , Rahele( 2015), Codification of related criterion to development of underground spaces from urban crisis management view, Bagh Nazar Magazine, No.35, 12th year, pages 53-64.https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=260690
Hunt, D.V., Makana, L.O., Jefferson, I., & Rogers, Chris David Foss Rogers. (2015). Livable cities and urban underground space, Tunneling and Underground Space Technology. 10.1016/j.tust.2015.11.015
Jianqiang. Cui, Wout. Broere, Dong. Lin (2021), Underground space utilization for urban renewal, Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, Volume 108, February 2021, 103726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103726
Kashef, M. (2015). Urban livability across disciplinary and professional boundaries, Frontiers of Architectural Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2016.03.003.
Khazaei Nejad, Fourogh; Soleimani Mehranjani, Mohammad; Tavalaei, Simin; Rafeian ,Mojtaba; Zanganeh, Ahmad;(2016), Urban Livability: definition, Principles, Aspects , and Indices. Geography and Urban Planning Quarterly, Fourth Period, No. 1, Pages 27-50.https://dx.doi.org/10.22059/jurbangeo.2016.58120
Luís Tender, M., Pedro Couto, J., & Bragança, L. (2017), the role of underground construction for the mobility, quality of life and economic and social sustainability of urban regions. Civil Engineering, REM, Int. Eng. J., Ouro Preto, 70(3), 265-271. https://doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672016700151
Molaei, Asghar( 2012) Sustainable Urban Development using underground sopaces- Case study: Tajrish Square, Tunnel and underground spaces Magazine, Period 1, No.1, Pages 69-88.https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=185548
Molaei, Asghar(2019), Developing urban underground spaces: a new procedure in urban development, urban structure and application studies quarterly, sixth Year, No. 18, Pages 69-88.https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=549669
Nasr Esfahani, Reza;Safari, Babak; Bashiri, Majid( 2018), Determination of opitomized application of urban underground spaces( selected streets of Isfahan) , scientific- research Quarterly of economy and urban management, No.22, pages 95-110.https://www.sid.ir/fa/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=347136
Parizadi, Taher; Moradi, Taher; Saki, Fatemeh; (2019) livability analysis of regions of Borojerd central district. Scientific- research Quarterly of Urban Studies, No. 2, Pages 3-16.https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=480935
Pour Jafar,Ali, Ranjbar, Ehsan, Khorami, Ali( 2017), Explanation of a new model of planning quality of underground urban spaces. Naghshe Jahan  Scientific- research Quarterly. No. 3, Pages 79-95.https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-2088-fa.html
Qian, Q.H. (2016). "Present state, problems and development trends of urban underground space in China". Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 55, 280–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.11.007
Radaei, Mahjabin; Salehi , Esmaeil; Faryadi, Shahrzad(2018), Strategic analysis based on ecologic logic to develop urban underground spaces with livability procedure( Case study: Yazd) , urban and regional development quarterly, third year, No. 6, Pages 43-80. https://dx.doi.org/10.22054/urdp.2020.46204.1151
Razaghi Asli, Sina;Khatami, Matin; Omati, Mostafa( 2018), Recognition of effective factors on livability of secure underground spaces based on Grounded theory, Urban Management Quarterly, No. 50, pages 56-62.https://www.sid.ir/FileServer/JF/28713975008.pdf
Ritter. Stefan, Hale. Sarah , Jenny Langford ,Sean Salazar (2021), Loretta von der Tann , From urban underground space (UUS) to sustainable underground urbanism (SUU): Shifting the focus in urban underground scholarship, Land Use Policy, Volume 109, October 2021, 105650.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105650
Saeideh Zar Abadi, Zahra Sadat; Houshmand, Marjaneh;Majedi, Hamid; Nouri, Ali;(2019). Representing a conceptual model of underground space factors as the triggers of urban development using grounded theory. Geographical Research Quarterly, No. 135, pages 56-62. http://georesearch.ir/article-774-1fa.html
Siami, Ghadir; Bagher Zadeh, Fahimeh; Sepahi, Azam( 2015) Urban Sustainability Neighborhoods: a new framework in reconstructing neighborhood concept in Iran( Case study: Ardam neighborhood, 10th municipality district in Mashhad) , Geography and Urban Development Magazine, second year, No. 2, frequent No.3, Pages 29-53. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=315031
 Will Stephan (2014), Planning for Sustainability: establishing livable, balanced, and ecologic society (translated by Masoud Jome pour and Shokoufe Ahmadi), Tehran: Social Sciences Magazine.https://www.adinehbook.com/gp/product/6009433117
Yong-Kang Qiao, Fang-Le Peng, Soheil. Sabri , Abbas .Rajabifard (2019) , Socio-environmental costs of underground space use for urban sustainability, Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 51, November 2019, 101757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101757
Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement
Volume 12, Issue 43
June 2022
Pages 207-230

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 04 September 2021
  • Revise Date: 07 December 2021
  • Accept Date: 26 December 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics