Development of a Framework and Model for Sustainable Urban Regeneration in the Post-Corona Era (Case Study: Tabriz Metropolis)

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor of Geography & Urban Planning, Bozorgmehr University of Qaenat, Qaen, Iran.

Abstract

Urban regeneration is a comprehensive and integrated approach and action in the form of providing a strategic, integrated and flexible framework for developing and solving urban problems. Meanwhile, one of the ongoing problems of human settlements is biological hazards and epidemics such as malaria, influenza and coronavirus (Covid virus 19) that pose many challenges to different parts of the world, especially cities has constructed in various economic, social, psychological, environmental and other dimensions. Therefore, there is a need for a framework for planning and regenerating approaches to future cities in order to deal with such risks. For this purpose, the present study has been written with the aim of developing applied knowledge in order to develop a framework and model for sustainable urban regeneration of Tabriz in the post-Corona era. Therefore, the research method is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-developmental nature in order to analyze the information using the structural equation modeling technique in Amos software. The statistical population of the present study also includes managers, officials and experts on urban issues as well as academic elites. Due to the uncertainty of the statistical population, Cohen's formula at 95% confidence level was used to determine the sample size and the statistical sample size was estimated at 200 people. Findings indicate that the greatest impact on the realization of sustainable urban regeneration of Tabriz in the post-corona era is related to management factors and variables, urban development plans, socio-economic, transportation and urban design with a value of 0.79, 0.66, 0.61, 0.54 and 0.42, respectively. Also, the results show that in the management dimension, there is coordination between the centers for making key and basic decisions, in the dimension of urban development plans, targeted recognition of issues and flexibility in programs with a future research approach, in the dimension of urban design, allocating more space to pedestrian areas, cycling and green spaces, in terms of transportation, emphasis on green transportation and in the socio-economic dimension, diversity in the economic structure of the city is basic principles of Tabriz metropolis regeneration plans in order to achieve sustainability in the post-corona era.

Keywords

References

  1. Bahraini, Seyed Hossein, Izadi, Mohammad Saeed, Mofidi, Mehranush (2013). Urban renewal approaches and policies (from reconstruction to sustainable urban regeneration). Quarterly Journal of Urban Studies, Volume 3, Number 9. pp. 17-30.http://ensani.ir/fa/article/446378

    Biswas, P.P. (2020). Skewed urbanisation and the contagion. Economic and Political Weekly, 55(16), 13–15. https://www.epw.in/journal/2020/16/commentary/skewed-urbanisation-and-contagion.html

    Blackman, T. (1995). Urban Policy in Practice, London: Routledge.https://www.amazon.com/Urban-Policy-Practice-Tim-Blackman/dp/041509299X

    Botequilha-Leit˜ao, A., & Díaz-Varela, E. R. (2020). Performance based planning of complex urban social-ecological systems: The quest for sustainability through the promotion of resilience. Sustainable Cities and Society, 56, 1-14. DOI:10.1016/j.scs.2020.102089

    Colantonio, A., & Dixon, T. (2011). Urban Regeneration & Social Sustainability: Best Practice from European Cities. Wiley-Blackwell.DOI:10.1002/9781444329445.ch2

    Communities and Local Government (CLG). (2007). Strong and Prosperous Communities: The Local-Government White Paper – Making It Happen: The Implementation Plan, London: HMSO.https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/strong-and-prosperous-communities-the-local-government-white-paper

    de Oliveira, L.A., & de Aguiar Arantes, R. (2020). Neighborhood effects and urban inequalities: the impact of covid-19 on the periphery of Salvador, Brazil. City Soc, 32(1), 1-7. DOI: 10.1111/ciso.12266

    Dimitrova, E. (2014). The sustainable development concept in urban planning education: lessons learned on a Bulgarian path. Journal of Cleaner Production, 62, 120-127.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.06.021

     

    Duggal, R. (2020). Mumbai's struggles with public health crises from plague to COVID-19. Economic and Political Weekly, 55(21), 17–20.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341591887

    1. (2006). European Institute for Urban Affairs.https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100051951

    Evans, J.P. (2012). Sustainable regeneration. In H. Lovell, M. Elsenga, & S. Smith (Eds.), International encyclopaedia of housing and home. Elsevier.DOI:10.1016/B978-0-08-047163-1.00531-2

    Fong, M. W., Gao, H., Wong, J. Y., Xiao, J., Shiu, E. Y. C., & Ryu, S. (2020). Nonpharmaceutical measures for pandemic influenza in nonhealthcare settings-social distancing measures. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26 (5), 976–984.DOI: 10.3201/eid2605.190995

    Ganji, Kamran, Hojjati, Faezeh. (2015). Statistics and research method questions for the educational management doctoral exam. First edition, Tehran: Rushd Publications.https://jafaripub.com/book/7875

    General Department of Roads and Urban Development of East Azarbaijan Province. (2014). Report on the status of disorderly urban areas and the performance of provincial and city headquarters. Secretariat of the headquarters of sustainable regeneration of the target areas and localities of East Azerbaijan province.https://azarsharghi.mrud.ir

    Haigh, M. (2020). Cultural tourism policy in developing regions: The case of Sarawak, Malaysia. Tourism Management, 81, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104166

    Hassanzadeh, Mehrnoosh, Sultanzadeh, Hossein (2016). Development of a conceptual model for realizing the sustainability of historical contexts with a strategic approach to regeneration planning. Bagh Nazar magazine, 14th year, number 56, pp. 57-70.https://www.sid.ir/paper/368323/fa

    Hemphill, L., McGreal, S., & Berry, J. (2004). An Indicator-based Approach to Measuring Sustainable Urban Regeneration Performance: Part 2, Empirical Evaluation and Case-study Analysis. Urban Studies, 41(4), 757–772. DOI: 10.1080/0042098042000194098

    Hoekveld, J.J. (2014). Understanding spatial differentiation in urban decline levels. European Planning Studies, 22(2), 362–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.744382

    Hull city council. (2000). Urban regeneration, ̋to promote urban regeneration and anti-poverty strategies ̋.https://www.hull.gov.uk/communities-and-living/regeneration-schemes

    Kihato, C.W., & Landau, L.B. (2020). Coercion or the social contract? COVID 19 and spatial (in) justice in African cities. City and Society, 32(1), 1-4. DOI: 10.1111/ciso.12265

    Klaus, M. (2005). Sustainable land management- a new approach for implementation. Germany From Pharaohs to Geoinformatics FIG Working Week 2005 and GSDI-8 Cairo, Egypt April 16-21, 2005, pp 1-12.https://www.semanticscholar.org

    Korkmaz, C., & Balaban, O. (2020). Sustainability of urban regeneration in Turkey: Assessing the performance of the North Ankara Urban Regeneration Project. Habitat International, 95, 1-14.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.102081

    La Rosa, D., Privitera, R., Barbarossa, L., & La Greca, P. (2017). Assessing spatial benefits of urban regeneration programs in a highly vulnerable urban context: A case study in Catania, Italy. Landscape and Urban Planning, 157, 180-192.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.031

    Lazarević, E., Koružnjak, A., & Devetaković, M. (2016). Culture Design-led Regeneration as a Tool Used to Regenerate Deprived Areas Belgrade—The Savamala quarter; Reflections on an Unplanned Cultural Zone. Energy and Buildings, 115, 3-10.DOI:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.03.015

    LUDA. (2003). Appraisal of Urban Rehabilitation Literature and Projects, Including a Glossary of Terms and a Preliminary Set of Indicators Characterizing LUDA. Large Scale Urban Distressed Areas (LUDA), Dresden.https://www.academia.edu

    McDonald, S., Malys, N., & Malienė, V. (2009). Urban regeneration for sustainable communities. Technological and Economic Development, 15(1), 49–59.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225071288

    Mendes, L. (2020). How can we quarantine without a home? Responses of activism and urban social movements in times of COVID-19 pandemic crisis in Lisbon. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 111, 318–332. DOI: 10.1111/tesg.12450

    Mishra, S.V., Gayen, A., & Haque, SK, M. (2020). COVID-19 and urban vulnerability in India. Habitat International, 103, 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102230

    Moberg, K., Handlin, L., & Peterson, M. (2013). Self-soothing behaviors with particular reference to oxytocin release induced by non-noxious sensory stimulation. Front Psychol, 5, 1529.Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01529

    Naglaa, A. M., & Ghoneim, E. M.  (2020). Antivirus-built environment: Lessons learned from Covid-19 pandemic. The Sustainable Cities and Society. 61, 1-11.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350

    Newman, P., & Jenning, I. (2008). Cities as sustainable ecosystem. Principles andpractices. Washington DC: Island Press.https://islandpress.org/books/cities-sustainable-ecosystems

    Noon, D., Smith-Canham, J., & Eagland, M. (2000). Economic Regeneration and Funding. In: P. Roberts and H. Sykes (eds), Urban Regeneration: A Handbook, London, 61-85.DOI:10.4135/9781446219980.N4 

    Pallagst, K., Schwarz, T., Popper, F.J., & Hollander, J.B. (2009). Planning shrinking cities. Progress in Planning, 72(4), 1–37.https://www.academia.edu/65804326

    Ploegmakers, H., & Beckers, P. (2014). Evaluating urban regeneration: An assessment of the effectiveness of physical regeneration initiatives on run-down industrial sites in the Netherlands. Urban Studies, 52(12), 2151-2169. DOI: 10.1177/0042098014542134 

    Poorthuis, A., & Zook, M. (2017). Making big data small: Strategies to expand urban and geographical research using social Media. Journal of Urban Technology, 24(4), 115–135.DOI:10.31235/osf.io/ey25n

    Project Management Institute (PMI). (2004). A guide to the project management body of knowledge. 3rd ed, PMI, Wexford.https://www.academia.edu/43427625

    Rizzo, A. (2017). Sustainable urban development and green megaprojects in the Arab states of the Gulf Region: Limitations, covert aims, and unintended outcomes in Doha, Qatar. International Planning Studies, 22(2), 85–98. DOI:10.1080/13563475.2016.1182896

    Roberts, P. (2000). The evolution, definition and purpose of urban regeneration. In P. Roberts and H. Syke (eds). Urban Regeneration. A Handbook. British Urban Regeneration Association, SAGE Publications, London, 9-30.https://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=2289928

    Roberts, P. V., Sykes, H., & Granger, R. (2017). Urban Regeneration. SAGE Publications Ltd.https://www.amazon.com/Urban-Regeneration-Handbook-Peter-Roberts/dp/0761967176

    Shammi, M., Bodrud-Doza, M., Towfiqul Islam, A.R.M., & Rahman, M.M. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic, socioeconomic crisis and human stress in resource-limited settings: a case from Bangladesh. Heliyon, 6(5), e04063. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04063

    Sharifi, A., Khavarian-Garmsir, A. R. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on cities and major lessons for urban planning, design, and management. Science of the Total Environment, 749, 1-14.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142391

    Spaans, M., & Waterhout, B. (2017). Building up resilience in cities worldwide–rotterdam as participant in the 100 Resilient Cities Programme. Cities 61, 109–116.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.05.011

    Spennemann, D. (2021). Residential Architecture in a post-pandemic world: implications of COVID-19 for new construction and for adapting heritage buildings. Journal of Green Building, 16(1), 199–215.https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.1.199

    Tarkay, G. (2010). Evaluation of Urban Regeneration issues For an Early 20th Century Quarter: KADIKÖYYELDEĞĠRMENĠ, The Degree of Master of Architecture. Middle East Technical University, Turkey.https://avesis.metu.edu.tr

    Tian, L. Shen, T. (2011). Evaluation of Plan Implementation in the Transitional China: A Case of Guangzhou City Master Plan. Cities, 28(1), 11-27. DOI:10.1016/j.cities.2010.07.002

    Todes, A. (2012). Urban growth and strategic spatial planning in Johannesburg, South Africa. Cities, 29 (3), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2011.08.004

    Turok, I. (2004). Urban Regeneration: what can be done and what should be avoided? Paper presented to International Urban Regeneration Implementations Symposium, Lütfi Kırdar Exhibition Centre. Istanbul.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281213040

    URBACT II (2015). Sustainable regeneration in urban areas - URBACT. https://urbact.eu/sites/default/files/04_sustreg-web.pdf   

    Urban Task Force. (1999). Towards an Urban Renaissance London, Landor Publishing.https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/820487

    Vojnovic, I. (2014). Urban sustainability: research, politics, policy and practice. Cities, 41(1), 30–44.DOI:10.1016/j.cities.2014.06.002

    Wasdani, K.P., & Prasad, A. (2020). The impossibility of social distancing among the urban poor: the case of an Indian slum in the times of COVID-19. Local Environment, 25(5), 414–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2020.1754375

    World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation Report- 144. [WWW Document]. URL. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200612-covid-19-sitrep-144.pdf?sfvrsn=66ff9f4f_2. (Accessed 12 June 2020) .

    Yu, X.J., & Ng, C.N. (2007). Spatial and temporal dynamics of urban sprawl along two urban rural transects: A case study of Guangzhou, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79(1), 96-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.03.008

    Zarei, Javad (2017). Explanation of the integrated management model of sustainable urban regeneration of dilapidated tissues, case study: Ahvaz metropolis. Doctoral dissertation in geography and urban planning, supervisor: Mohammad Ali Firouzi, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.

    Zhang, P., Zhang, L., Chang, Y., Xu, M., Hao, Y., Liang, S., Liu, G., Yang, Z., Wang, C., (2019). Food-energy-water (FEW) nexus for urban sustainability: a comprehensive review. Resour. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 142, 215–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.11.018

    Zhu, Y., Xie, J., Huang, F., & Cao, L. (2020). Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 infection: evidence from China. Science of the Total Environment, 727, 138704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138704

Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement
Volume 12, Issue 44
September 2022
Pages 171-200

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 20 June 2022
  • Revise Date: 07 October 2022
  • Accept Date: 26 October 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics