Analysis of Obstacles and Problems of Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Areas (Case Study: Rural Areas of Tuyserkan Township)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Payam-e-Noor University, Tehran, Iran

2 student of geography and urban planning

3 Master of Geography and Rural Planning

Abstract

The development of entrepreneurship and self-employment in rural areas requires cooperation and the creation of platforms that can create a favorable and supportive ecosystem for the development of entrepreneurship and the success of entrepreneurs. On this basis; The present applied research, which has a mixed nature (quantitative-qualitative) was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method; There is an attempt to diagnose the current situation of entrepreneurship development in the rural areas of Tuysarkan, Hamadan province. The data was collected in the theoretical part using documentary studies and in the practical part based on field survey using interview and questionnaire tools. The statistical community of the research includes development officials, local managers and experts, and scientific experts in the region, who use a targeted method and snowball method in both qualitative and quantitative sections;
 At first, 19 people were identified as a Delphi group and subjected to semi-structured interviews, and then, the findings of the interviews were given to 35 other members of these groups for confirmation and generalization in the form of a questionnaire. became. Analyzing the interviews in the qualitative part in order to reach the causal, interventional and background factors that shape the current state of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and the strategies adopted by economic actors and the economic and social results formed at the regional level by using database technique and in a small part by using the path analysis test, it was concluded that on this basis; The results showed that 72 challenges and obstacles in the form of the main components of weakness in management, policy-making and development planning (the most effective component); the inappropriateness of the business environment; Weakness in providing needed infrastructure, services and facilities; Weaknesses of marketing, sales and technical and practical obstacles; social and cultural barriers; educational and promotional restrictions; Weakness of financial resources; Weakness in the mental and behavioral beliefs of the villagers and includes two main dimensions of weaknesses and inadequacies related to environmental factors and individual and personality factors affecting self-employment and entrepreneurship; They are effective as inhibiting factors in the direction of entrepreneurship development and the success of entrepreneurs in the study area. In this regard, intervention and background factors; Adopted strategies and the results of the identified causal factors on the entrepreneurship ecosystem of the studied area were also identified.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

 
Abdollahi, A., & Abbasi, M. J. (2016). Evaluation of the Impact of Religious Tourism on the Entrepreneurship Development of Peripheral Villages (Case Study: Gare pooshtloo Region – Zanjan County). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 5(2), 47-62.doi: 10.22067/JRRP.V5I2.44713
Akgün, A., Nijkamp, P., Baycan, T. & Brons, M. (2010). The embeddedness of entrepreneurs in rural areas: A comparative rough set data analysis. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 101(5), 538-553.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2010.00630.x.
 Alejandro, LB, García, J., Galvez-Ruiz, P., Grimaldi-Puyana, M. (2022), Does background matter? Analysis of the influence of sex, socioeconomic status and the existence of an entrepreneurial family member as a precursor to entrepreneurship in university students of Sport Sciences, Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 31(2), 2-20.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361241669_Does_background_matter_Analysis_of_the_influence_of_sex_socioeconomic_status_and_the_existence_of_an_entrepreneurial_family_member_as_a_precursor_to_entrepreneurship_in_university_students_of_Sport_Sc.
Ali Akbari, M., Sadeghi, H. (2017). Analysis of the underlying factors for the creation and growth of rural entrepreneurship (Case: Dehdz district in Izeh city) Journal Space Economy & Rural Development, 6 (20):97-118.http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2776-en.html
Alidoost, S., Lashgarara, F. & Hosseini, F. (2012). Prioritization of barriers to entrepreneurship development of rural women in Garmsar Township, National Conference on Entrepreneurship and Management of Knowledge-Based Businesses, Fuman Azad University.https://civilica.com/doc/174911/
Armanios, D., Eesley, Ch., (2021). How do institutional carriers alleviate normative and cognitive barriers to regulatory change? Organization Science, 32 (6), 1415-1438.https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/orsc.2021.1434
Autio, E., Kenney, M., Must, Ph., Siegel, D. & Wright, M. (2014), “Entrepreneurial innovation: the importance of context”, Research Policy, 43(7), 1097-1108.https://kenney.faculty.ucdavis.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/332/2019/12/2014-RP-Entrepreneurial-Innovation-Autio-et-al.pdf
Badzaban, F., Rezaei-Moghaddam, K., & Fatemi, M. (2020). Entrepreneurship Education and its Effects on the Function of Rural Women's Businesses. Karafarin Quarterly Scientific Journal, 17(3), 81-97.Doi: 10.48301/kssa.2020.124671
Baumgartner, D., Schulz, T. & Seidl, I. (2013). Quantifying entrepreneurship and its impact on local economic performance: A spatial assessment in rural Switzerland. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 25(3-4), 222-250.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08985626.2012.710266
Bhuiya, M, Ivlevs, A. (2019), Micro-entrepreneurship and subjective well-being: Evidence from rural Bangladesh, Journal of Business Venturing, 34 (2), 625-645.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883902617306341
Bruton, G.D., Ketchen, D.J., Ireland, R.D., (2013). Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty. J. Bus. Ventur.  28 (6), 683-699.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883902613000499
Cavallo, A., Ghezzi, A. & Balocco, R. (2018). “Entrepreneurial ecosystem research: present debates and future directions”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 3 (2), 1-31.https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/intemj/v15y2019i4d10.1007_s11365-018-0526-3.html
Cheraghi, M. J., Edalatian, J. & Kabaranzadeh, M. R. (2020). Presenting a Model for Explaining the Role of Social Capital in the Success of International Entrepreneurship, Financial Economics, Vol. (15) Issue (57), 207-231.https://journals.iau.ir/article_687928.html?lang=en
Dutta, D. & Khurana, I. (2021). From latent to emergent entrepreneurship in innovation ecosystems: The role of entrepreneurial learning, Technological Forecasting & Social Change,167(25), 1-12.https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/tefoso/v167y2021ics0040162521001268.html
Elgar, E. (2009). Defining the Entrepreneur Complexity Multi-Dimensionalonal Systems Some Reflections, Chapter to be published in: DANA, Leo (Ed.) Encyclopaedia of Entrepreneursh ip, Cheltenham, England. https://www.academia.edu/9376902/Defining_the_Entrepreneur_Complexity_and_Multi_Dimensional_Systems_Some_Reflections_Author
Farahani, H., & Hajihosseini, S. (2013). An Evaluation about Potentials of Rural Areas for Entrepreneurship and Developing Empowerment in Villagers, (Case: Shal District in Buin Zahra Township). Journal of Rural Research, 4(4), 715-748.doi: 10.22059/jrur.2013.50417
Farahani, H., Rasouli Nia, Z., Asdaqy Sraskanrvd, Z. (2014). The Factors of effective growth of Entrepreneurship in rural areas Case: Jaber Ansar District Abdanan Township). Space Economy & Rural Development 2014; 3 (31), 1-16.http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article -2148-1-fa.html
Fernhaber, S., Zou, H. (2022). Advancing societal grand challenge research at the interface of entrepreneurship and international business: A review and research agenda, Journal of Business Venturing, 37(8), 1-12.https://ideas.repec.org/r/elg/eechap/16552_28.html
Ghambarali, R. Agahi, H. Alibaygi, A.H.  & Zarafshani, K. (2015). Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Strategy: A New Paradigm for Entrepreneurship Development, Journal of Entrepreneurship in Agriculture Vol. 1(3), 21-35.doi: 20.1001.1.24767735.1393.1.3.2.1
Granado, M, Rosli, A, Gotsi, M. (2022). Staying poor: Unpacking the process of barefoot institutional entrepreneurship failure, Journal of Business Venturing, 37(8), 1-12.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883902622000167
Hashemi, S. S., et al. (2011). A Performance Review of Rural Workers and Islamic Councils in the Development of Rural Entrepreneurship (Case study: Bahabad, Yazd Province). Journal of Rural Research, 2(5), 93-114.https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_22751.html?lang=en
Heaton, j. (2005). Developing Entrepreneurs: An Examination of Systematic Approaches to Entrepreneurial Development for Rural Areas, Rural Research Report, 16(1), 1-11.https://www.iira.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Developing-Entrepreneurs-An-Examination-of-Systematic-Approaches-to-Entrepreneurial-Development-for-Rural-Areas.pdf
Imedashvili, S., Kekua, A., & Ivchenko, P. (2013).  Rural Entrepreneurship: Challenges and Opportunities, Bachelor thesis within Business Administration, Jonkoping international business school, Jonkoping University.http://www.diva-portal.se/smash/get/diva2:629301/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Isenberg, D. (2011). The Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Strategy as a New Paradigm for Economic Policy: Principles for Cultivating Entrepreneurship, The Babson Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Project.https://scirp.org/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=2787987
Jamini, D. et al. (2016). Analyzing obstacles to the development of women's entrepreneurship in rural areas (Case Study: villages of Chardavol Township). Journal Space Economy & Rural Development,  5 (4), 45-63.Doi: 10.18869/acadpub.serd.5.18.45
Jayadatta, s. (2017). Major Challenges and Problems of Rural Entrepreneurship in
India, Journal of Business and Management, 19(8), 35-44.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360130667_PROBLEMS_AND_CHALLENGES_FACED_BY_RURAL_ENTREPRENEURSHIP_IN_INDIA
Jurdana, S. & Dadić, L. (2015). entrepreneurship in tourism as a factor of rural development, journal of wei business and Economics, 4(2), 9-1.https://www.westeastinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Dora Smol%C4%8Di%C4%87-Jurdana.pdf
kaburi, S. (2012). entrepreneurship challenges in developing economies: a case of kenyan economy. international journal of arts and commerce, 1 (4), 264-274.https://ijac.org.uk/images/frontImages/gallery/Vol._1_No._4/23.pdf
khani, F., Rezvani, M. R., Imeni Gheshlagh, S., & Bozarjemehry, K. (2011). Analyze the Role of Tourism in the Development of Rural Youth Entrepreneurship (The Case Study: Kandovan and EskandanVillage, Osku Province). Human Geography Research, 43(4), 169-196.https://jhgr.ut.ac.ir/article_24518.html?lang=fa
Khodapanah, B., Moradi, M. A., Padash, H., & Sakhdari, K. (2021). Identification of Institutional Barriers to Regional Entrepreneurship Development (A Critical Approach to Historical System of Entrepreneurship Development Policy Making). Pizhuhish nāmah-i intiqādī-i mutūn va barnāmah hā-yi ̒ulūm-i insāni (Critical Studies in Texts & Programs of Human Sciences), 21(4), 81-105. doi: 10.30465/crtls.2021.34210.2087
Lordkipanidze, M., Backman, M. and Brezet, H. (2002). The entrepreneurship factor in sustainable tourism development, Journal of Cleaner Production,13, 787-798.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239364988_The_entrepreneurship_factor_in_sustainable_tourism_development
Lotfi, H. (2018).  Village cultural renewal and the failure of rural entrepreneurship policies in Ilam province. Space Economy, 7 (25), 101-122.http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-3157-1-fa.html
Lúcia, P (2015): Rural entrepreneurship and Innovation: some successful women's initiatives, 55th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "World Renaissance: Changing roles for people and places", 25-28 August 2015, Lisbon, Portugal, European Regional Science Association (ERSA).http://hdl.handle.net/10419/124803
Mahmoudvand R. Descriptive (2018). Study of Population Changes in Hamedan Province During Five Years Period 1390-1395. Iranian Journal of Official Statistics Studies,28(2),191-209.http://ijoss.srtc.ac.ir/article-1-242-fa.html
 Miao, Sh., Chi, J., Liao, L., Qian, L. (2021). How does religious belief promote farmer entrepreneurship in rural China?, Economic Modelling, 97(15), 95-104.https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecmode/v97y2021icp95-104.html
mohammadi, S., safyari, R., & khosravi, R. (2020). Analysis of Effective Barriers on The tendency of Villagers to entrepreneurial micro businesses (Case Study: Mariwan and Sarvabad County). Geography and Development, 18(58), 133-154.doi: 10.22111/gdij.2020.5189
Mokarari, H. & Mohebi, Z. (2012). Investigation of factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas, National Conference on Entrepreneurship and Management of Knowledge-Based Businesses, Mazandaran University.https://civilica.com/doc//174855
 Nastase, C., Chașovschi, C., Lucaci, A. (2019). Opportunities and Challenges for a Sustainable Rural Entrepreneurship, Economic Sciences Series, 29(1), 95-104.https://stec.univ-ovidius.ro/html/anale/RO/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/7-1.pdf
Nedelcheva, S. (2008). Female Entrepreneurship in Denmark Multiple Case Study on Danish and International Women Who Have Business in the Country, Master Thesis, MSc in International Business Aarhus University, Business, and Social Sciences.https://docplayer.net/8542850-Female-entrepreneurship-in-denmark.html
Omidpour, F., Rahmani Fazli, A. & Azizpour, F. (2020). Analysis of structural factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas of Delfan Township,  Journal Space Economy & Rural Development, Volume 9 - Issue 31, 21-40.http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article- 3487-1--fa.html
Rasoolimanesh, M. & Tuan, A. (2015). Tourism growth and entrepreneurship: Empirical analysis of the development of rural highlands, Tourism Management Perspectives, 14(2), 17-24.https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3192006
Rezaee, R. afrassiabi, R, hafezian, M. (2021). Qualitative Identification of Cultural Barriers to Entrepreneurship, Evaluation of Cultural Dimensions and Failure of Entrepreneurs. Roshd -e- Fanavari 67, (17), 61-78.doi: 10.52547/jstpi.20936.17.67.61
Rezvani, M. R., & Najjarzadeh, M. (2009). Study and Analysis of Villagers, Background Knowledge on Entrepreneurship in the Process of Rural Development Case study: South Baraan District (Isfahan County). Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 1(2), 161-182.https://jed.ut.ac.ir/article_22970.html?lang=fa
Rezvani, M.R. (2008). Introduction to rural development planning in Iran, Tehran: ghoomes Publications.https://www.ghoomes.com/index.php/photos/album/5/photo/313.html

Richard L.P, Matthias W, Jochen K. (2018) Demand-side strategy and business models: Putting value creation for consumers center stage, Long Range Planning, Volume 51, Issue 1, February 2018, Pages 22-31.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0024630117303096

Saeidi, A., Rahmani, B., & Fathi, B. (2021). Analysis of the Role of Rural Entrepreneurship in Local Sustainable Development, with Emphasis on Rural-Urban Cohesion (Case Study: Dalahu Area, Kermanshah Province). Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, 11(39), 1-20.https://gaij.usb.ac.ir/article_6227.html?lang=en
Safari Ali Akbari, M., Sadeghi, H. (2017). Analysis of the underlying factors of the creation and growth of rural entrepreneurship (Case Study: Dehdez district in Izeh Township), Journal Space Economy & Rural Development,  6(20): 97-118. http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-2776-1-fa.html
Samitowska, W.(2011) Barriers to the development of entrepreneurship demonstrated by micro, small and medium enterprises in Poland, Economics and Sociology 4(2):42-49.https://www.proquest.com/openview/3d9d6289ca3074f7d55063d91854761d/1?pq origsite=gscholar&cbl=1416337
Saxena, S. (2012). Problems Faced By Rural Entrepreneurs and Remedies to Solve
It, Journal of Business and Management, 3(1), 23-29.https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/vol3-issue1/D0312329.pdf
Seidai, I. & Sadeghi, H, (2013), Entrepreneurship Development Planning in Rural Areas, Darkhoin Publications, First Edition.https://www.gisoom.com/book/
Sheikh, R. (2015). Tourism entrepreneurship challenges and possibilities in small tourism businesses, bachelor’s thesis centria university of applied sciences Degree Programme in Tourism, centeria University of applied science Finland. https://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/98654
Soleymani, A., Yaghobi Farani, A.,  Karimi, S. (2021). Designing a Model for sustainable entrepreneurship development for rural businesses Hamedan Province, Journal Space Economy & Rural Development, 10(36): 49-78.http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3698-en.html
Stam, E. & Spigel, B. (2016). Entrepreneurial Ecosystems, the Tjalling C. Koopmans Institute is the research institute and research school of Utrecht School of Economics.https://www.uu.nl/sites/default/files/rebo_use_dp_2016_1613.pdf.
Stathopoulou, S., Demetrios, P. & Skuras, D. (2004) Rural entrepreneurship in Europe, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 10(6), 404-425.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228270240_Rural_Entrepreneurship_in_Europe_A_Research_Framework_and_Agenda
Suacamram, M. (2019). Developing creativity and entrepreneurship of undergraduate students through a field trip overseas. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 591–606.https://www.e-iji.net/dosyalar/iji_2019_1_38.pdf
Sutter, C., Bruton, G.D., Chen, J., (2019). Entrepreneurship as a solution to extreme poverty: a review and future research directions. J. Bus. Ventur, 34(4), 197-214.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883902617305402
Taghrae, M.T. et al, (2016). Identifying environmental factors affecting cultural entrepreneurship in nomadic handicrafts. Journal Space Economy & Rural Development,  5 (3).http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-2617-1-fa.html
Trehan, K., Vedi, P., Kevill, A., (2020). In: ̈Ortenblad, A. (Ed.), Against Entrepreneurship: Unveiling Social Inequalities for Minority Entrepreneurship BT – Against Entrepreneurship: A Critical Examination. Springer International Publishing, 111–131.https://ideas.repec.org/h/spr/sprchp/978-3-030-47937-4_7.html
Weng, X., Chiu, Th., Tsang, Ch. (2022). Promoting student creativity and entrepreneurship through real-world problem-based maker education, Thinking Skills and Creativity, 45(5), 3-15. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871187122000499
Yang, L., Wall, G., & Smith, S. (2008). Ethnic tourism development: Chinese Government Perspectives, Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3), 751-771.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222148136_Ethnic_tourism_development_Chinese_Government_Perspectives
 
Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement
Volume 13, Issue 48
September 2023
Pages 1-38

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 01 September 2022
  • Revise Date: 07 April 2023
  • Accept Date: 06 June 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics