The Argument for the Necessity of Economic Reconstruction in the Rural Areas of Sistan

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student of geography and rural planning of University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor and faculty member of Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.

3 Associate professor and member of Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.

Abstract

Following half a century of droughts, the destruction of the agricultural sector led to the decline of the rural economy in Sistan.  Those responsible for rural development began formulating various plans and programs to improve the welfare of the people based on a sustainable economy in the rural areas of Sistan. However, evidence indicates instability in the economy and livelihoods of the people. Therefore, a review of the structure of the plans, especially the rural economy of this region, is necessary as a crucial reconstruction. This is because economic reconstruction, in addition to reviving past livelihoods, considers the simultaneous strengthening of local capacities to create new economic resources.  This research is applied in nature and uses a qualitative method based on meta-analysis. The results show that the most significant welfare projects in the Sistan region, namely the semi-wells and the distribution of piped drinking water, have helped maintain the population. However, the economic utility of these projects is secondary to their drinking water purpose, and economic support is only evident in small commercial and industrial sectors, limited agriculture, and livestock farming. The establishment of the Milek market, government and non-government (participatory) job creation schemes in service projects, despite their predicted goals of improving the region's economy, have failed to bring about stability and sustainability in rural employment, according to data from the Statistical Center of Iran. Other such projects include the establishment of a free trade-industrial zone, the results of which have not yet been noticeable after its approval in 1400 (2021/22). In terms of infrastructure, the construction of semi-wells, the water supply project for 46,000 hectares, the deep water project, and the provision of water from Oman Sea are underway or have been implemented to ensure sustainability in Sistan, particularly in its rural areas. The semi-well project has been abandoned without results, and the 46,000-hectare water supply project has faced major challenges due to the fluctuating water level of the Hirmand River and a lack of attention to its environmental conditions. The deep water project, despite its strength in addressing the water shortage crisis, faces many questions regarding its volume and storage, quality, and the costs of exploration and extraction, which have cast doubt on its continuation. The project to supply water from the Oman Sea, currently underway, has increased hope among the people of the region, but providing drinking water alone cannot improve economic conditions and activities or solve environmental problems (drought and sandstorms). In addition, the high cost of transfer and desalination will challenge the type of water use (domestic or agricultural). These results indicate that our planning system is still sectoral and top-down. Projects are implemented independently and ultimately forgotten, despite huge economic and social costs. Each project in Sistan is usually a temporary solution, as the basis of all projects indicates a hasty planning system lacking a complete and comprehensive theory and approach. Project documents make no mention of the production network, complementary activities, and the construction of an economic value chain based on the land use plan and a geographical perspective.  Furthermore, planning has been carried out without considering the water regime of the river and the policies of the Afghans, relying on a historical past as a granary, far from reality. The continuation of these projects shows no sustainable pattern of growth and development in the region. Therefore, economic reconstruction based on reality, endogenous development drivers, and the creation of necessary infrastructure is essential.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement
Volume 14, Issue 53
January 2025
Pages 53-88

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  • Receive Date: 18 June 2024
  • Revise Date: 08 November 2024
  • Accept Date: 24 November 2024

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