Spatial Flows and Transformation of Space Economic Sustainability (Case Study: Rural Areas in Dastgerdān District of Tabās County)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Birjand, Iran.

2 M.Sc., Department of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran.

Abstract

Multifaceted and continuous relationships and interactions exist among geographical spaces. Therefore, one cannot identify and plan for regions and settlements separately and in isolation. Given the importance of spatial flows in the life and transformation of the economy of each geographical region, this research has attempted to examine the role and impact of spatial flows on the economic transformations of space (particularly rural areas) with an emphasis on the sustainability approach in the Dastgerdān district of Tabās county. This applied research was conducted using a survey approach. Spatial flows were measured in 36 rural settlements through five general flows and 37 related variables. The evaluation of the flows was based on the "flow intensity" factor, for which a researcher-made questionnaire was designed and completed within the framework of the Likert scale and a 1-to-5 valuation system to estimate the intensity of spatial flows in each settlement and evaluate its economic sustainability. The results showed that in the studied area (Dastgerdān district), the spatial flows of people and capital were assessed higher than other types of flows. Also, the economic sustainability is at a moderate level, with 26 villages in a moderately sustainable condition, 7 villages in a relatively sustainable condition, and 3 villages in a relatively unsustainable condition. The correlation test results indicated a positive and significant relationship between spatial flows and economic sustainability. Therefore, with an increase in spatial flows, the economic sustainability of the rural areas in the region will also be enhanced. To achieve sustainable rural development in the study area, it is necessary to focus on improving spatial flows and strengthening rural-urban linkages. To enhance spatial flows, it is essential to address underlying conditions such as geographical isolation, weaknesses in communication infrastructure, and low levels of human density. This can be achieved by employing modern methods of interaction, communication, and marketing. Furthermore, future policies should allocate an appropriate place for these considerations.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Afraakhteh, H. (2012). Spatial economy and the development of rural settlements: A case study of the Shaft region. Spatial Economy and Rural Development, 1(1), 39-54. (In Persian) http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1560-fa.html
Afraakhteh, H., & Hajipour, M. (2014). Capital accumulation and spatial economy in Iran. Spatial Economy and Rural Development, 3(4), 43-63. (In Persian) http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2168-fa.html
Afraakhteh, H., Azizpour, F., & Zamani, M. (2015a). Metropolitan links and spatial-physical transformations of surrounding villages: A case study of Mohammadabad District in Karaj. Housing and Rural Environment, 34(150), 101-120. (In Persian) http://jhre.ir/article-1-701-fa.html
Afraakhteh, H., Riahi, V., & Javan, F. (2015b). Economic sustainability of rural settlements in Rezvanshahr County. Geography, 13(46), 93-117. (In Persian) https://mag.iga.ir/article_701143.html
Anselin, L. & Bera, A. K. (1998), Spatial Dependence in Linear Regression Models with an Introduction to Spatial Econometrics, Springier, Berlin, Heidlburg, NewYork, PP. 21-74. https://dces.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2013/08/W7_AnselinBera1998.pdf
Anselin, L. (1988), Spatial Econometrics, Methods and Models, Boston, MA, Kluwer Academic.
Azarbad, N., Solmani, M., Motiei Langaroudi, S. H., & Afkhari, A. R. (2010). Analysis of settlement networks with an emphasis on population flows in Firuzkuh County. Human Geography Research, 42(74), 75-89. (In Persian) https://sid.ir/paper/452454/fa
Bakhshi, Z., Motiei Langaroudi, S. H., Faraji Sabkbar, H., & Ghadiri Masoum, M. (2019). Spatial analysis of economic sustainability in rural settlements (Sabzevar-Nishapur region). Spatial Economy and Rural Development, 8(29), 1-32. (In Persian) https://www.sid.ir/paper/520168/fa
Charrier, J.B. (1994). Cities and Rurales. Sahami C, Translator. First Edition. Mashhad: Nika Publication. p.416. (In Persian)
Douglass, M. (1998), A regional Networks Strategy for Reciprocal Rural-Urban Linkage: an Agenda for policy research with reference to Indonesia, Third world planning review, 20(1), 1-33. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1699499
Ebrahimzadeh, I. (2012). Spatial organization and urban-rural relations with an emphasis on Sistan. Sahra Publications. (In Persian)
Falsaliman, M., Hajipour, G., & Mekaniki, J. (2019). The effects of rural development groups on the economic sustainability of space (Case study: Villages in the central district of Sarbisheh County). Spatial Economy and Rural Development, 8(28), 1-30. (In Persian) http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3315-fa.html
Ghadiri-Masoum, M., Zia Noushin, M. M., & Khorasani, M. A. (2010). Economic sustainability and its relationship with spatial characteristics: A case study of the villages in Kohin District, Kabudarahang County. Rural and Development, 13(2), 1-29. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.30490/rvt.2018.59197
Ghasemi-Siyani, M., Afraakhteh, H., Azizpour, F., & Riahi, V. (2019). An analysis of spatial integration in rural areas based on network analysis of spatial flows (Case study: Benroud and Jolgeh Districts in Isfahan County). Geography and Urban-Regional Planning, 9(31), 35-52. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.22111/gaij.2019.4694
Gough, K. V. (2016). Rural/Urban Divide. International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, The Earth, Environment and Technology: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology, 1-3.
Hadiani, Z., & Dadkani, M. (2019). Network analysis of spatial flows in the city of Khash and surrounding villages. Geography and Urban-Regional Planning, 9(23), 171-184. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.22111/gaij.2019.5005
Hajipour, M. (2021). Phenomenology of entrepreneurial space and rural business in selected regions of Iran (with an emphasis on lived challenges). Geography and Development Quarterly, 19(64), 45-76. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.22111/j10.22111.2021.6319
Hajipour, M., & Karimi-Pour, J. (2020). Examining the barriers to the sustainability of rural production in the central part of Bashravieh County. Rural and Sustainable Spatial Development, 1(4), 87-105. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.22077/vssd.2021.4267.1028
Hajipour, M., Roumiani, A., Nazari-Shikhi, M., Haq-Nazari, S., & Niyazi, H. (2020). Analyzing the effects of urbanization on changes in the lifestyle of rural women (Case study: Alishtar County). Geography and Urban-Regional Planning, 10(37), 143-166. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.22111/gaij.2020.5960
Hosseini, A., Maroofi, A., Parizadi, T., & Shoghi, M. (2022). Analyzing the spatial flows governing urban and peri-urban areas (Case study: Papi District, Khorramabad County). Development of Peri-Urban Spaces, 2(8), 223-242. (In Persian) https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.26764164.1401.4.2.13.6
Hosseini, N., & Riahi, V. (2019). Network analysis of spatial flows between the city and rural settlements in Zabr Khan District (Nishapur County). Rural Development Strategies, 6(2), 115-133. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.22048/rdsj.2020.163570.1766
Javanbakht Qahfarokhi, Z., Saeidi, A., Azizpour, F., & Tavakoli Nia, J. (2018). Analysis of spatial flows in rural settlements in border areas: A case study of Gomishan villages. Studies in Geography of Arid Regions, 8(32), 48-67. (In Persian) https://jargs.hsu.ac.ir/article_161470.html
Javanbakht Qahfarokhi, Z., Saeidi, A., Azizpour, F., & Tavakoli Nia, J. (2019). An analysis of spatial flows and regional networks in border areas: A case study of Golestan Province. Geographical Space Planning, 9(33), 203-226. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.30488/gps.2019.91916
Johnston. R.J et al., (1998). the dictionary of human geography, third edition. Oxford, Blackwell.
Li, X., Liu, J., Jia, J. and Yang, H. (2022).Relationship between multifunctionality and rural sustainable development: Insights from 129 counties of the Sichuan Province, China, Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, 20(3): 285-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjpre.2022.09.010
Liu, Zh., Zhao, P., Liu, Q., Cui, Y., Yang, Y., Liu, J., Li, B. and Li, J. (2023). Exploring the spatial characteristics of the human mobility network in rural settings of China's Greater Bay Area. Journal of Transport Geography, 112, 103699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103699
Ma, L., Dou, H., Wu, S., Shi, Z. and Li, Z. (2022b). Rural development pressure and “three-stay” response: A case of Jinchang City in the Hexi Corridor, China. Journal of Rural Studies, Vol. 91, Pp. 34-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.03.002
Ma, L., Liu, S,. Tao, T., Gong, M. & Bai, J. (2022a), Spatial reconstruction of rural settlements based on livability and population flow. Habitat International, 126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2022.102614
Merrell, I. (2022). Blockchain for decentralised rural development and governance, Blockchain: Research and Applications, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100086
Murray, A.T. (2009). Location Theory, International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 270-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044910-4.00202-9
Niebuhr, A. 2001, Covergene and the Effects of Spatial Interaction, Hamburg Institute of International Economics, HWWA.
Pelucha, M., Kourilova, J., Kasabov, E. and Feurich, M. (2021).Expanding the ontological horizons of rural resilience in the applied agricultural research policy: The case of the Czech Republic, Journal of Rural Studies, Vol. 82, Pp. 340-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.01.030.
PourMohammadi, M. R., Toorani, A., & Hosseini Lou, M. (2013). Integrated development of rural and urban areas: A spatial and strategic approach in settlement planning. Geographical Thought, 7(14), 9-36. (In Persian) https://geonot.znu.ac.ir/article_20825.html
Qaragozlou, H., Rahmani-Fazli, A., Azizpour, F., & Jalalian, H. (2020). Zoning of economic sustainability levels in rural settlements (Case study: Qom Province). Studies in Human Settlement Planning, 15(51), 549-581. (In Persian) https://journals.iau.ir/article_673166.html
Rahmani, B., Shafiee Sabat, N., & Mazarzehi, Y. (2019). The role of spatial flows in the economic transformations of rural settlements (Case study: Villages surrounding Zahedan city). Spatial Economy and Rural Development, 8(29), 33-50. (In Persian) http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3352-fa.html
Saeidi, A. (2009). Classification of rural areas in the country. Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation, Tehran, Rural Development Deputy, 1st edition. (In Persian)
Saeidi, A. (2011). Structural-functional dynamics of the system in spatial studies. Geography Quarterly, 29(9), 7-29. (In Persian) https://www.sid.ir/paper/150431/fa
Saeidi, A. (2012). Structural and functional dynamics: An alternative approach in spatial planning. Spatial Economy and Rural Development, 1(1), 1-18. (In Persian) http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1558-fa.html
Saeidi, A. (2018). Geographic foundations of rural areas. Samte Publications, Tehran. (In Persian)
Schaffer, W. A. (1999), Regional Impact Models, Regional Research Institute, West Virginia University.
Seifeddini, F. (2011). Specialized language of urban and regional planning (2nd ed.). Tehran: Ayij Publishing. (In Persian)
Sheibani, V. Y. (2020). Atlas of geological heritage of Tabas. Faravang Publications. (In Persian)
Small., J. and Witherick, M. (1990), A modern Dictionary of Geography, Edward Arnold, London.
South Khorasan Management and Planning Organization. (2019). Studies on the spatial planning of South Khorasan Province: Analysis of settlement structure. Deputy of Program Coordination and Budget. (In Persian)
Tacoli, C. (1998). Bridging the divide: rural-urban interactions and livelihood strategies. International institute for environment and development (IIED). Sustainable Agriculture and rural livelihoods programme. https://www.iied.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/migrate/6144IIED.pdf
Tacoli, C. (2003). "The Links between urban and rural development" Environment and Urbanization Vol15 No1 published by SAGE. 1-17. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Camillus-Wongnaa/publication/328743921_Uneven_Development_Urban_and_industrial_growth_and_Its_Environmental_Implications_for_Rural_and_Urban_Communities_in_Ghana/links/5be72ec292851c6b27b4bbe8/Uneven-Development-Urban-and-industrial-growth-and-Its-Environmental-Implications-for-Rural-and-Urban-Communities-in-Ghana.pdf
Torre, A., Wallet, F and Huang, J. (2023). A collaborative and multidisciplinary approach to knowledge-based rural development: 25 years of the PSDR program in France, Rural Studies, 97. 428-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.12.034
Wang, C., Zhou, T. and Ren, M. (2023), Driving spatial network connections in rural settlements: The role of e-commerce, Applied Geography, 159, 103067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.103067
Xu, C., Qian C., Yang, W., Li, B., Kong, L. and Kong, F. (2022). Spatiotemporal Pattern of Urban-Rural Integration Development and Its Driving Mechanism Analysis in Hangzhou Bay Urban Agglomeration. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(14), 8390. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148390
Zang, Y.Z., Liu, Y.S., Yang, Y.Y., Woods, M. and Fois F. (2020). Rural decline or restructuring? Implications for sustainability transitions in rural China, Land Use Policy, 94, Article 104531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104531
Zhang, W., Chong, Zh., Li, X. and Nie, G.  (2020). Spatial patterns and determinant factors of population flow networks in China: Analysis on Tencent Location Big Data, Cities, 99, 102640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102640
Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement
Volume 15, Issue 55
June 2025
Pages 1-32

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 04 June 2024
  • Revise Date: 04 December 2024
  • Accept Date: 30 December 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics