As climate change continues to accelerate and exert growing pressure on urban environments, the need for adaptive approaches in urban planning has become increasingly urgent. The city of Birjand, situated in a dry and semi-arid region, is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate variability. This study evaluates the factors influencing climate adaptation through green infrastructure in Birjand. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining spatial data analysis (GIS and satellite imagery), statistical evaluation (SPSS), and field-based data collection through surveys and questionnaires. Findings indicate that the current state of urban green infrastructure in Birjand is below average. On one hand, a significant portion of respondents hold advanced degrees and professional experience, suggesting a relatively informed sample population. However, public understanding of green infrastructure and its role in climate adaptation remains limited, highlighting the need for targeted education and awareness initiatives. On the other hand, spatial assessments reveal that urban green spaces suffer from weak connectivity, uneven distribution, and inadequate design diversity—factors that diminish ecosystem services and contribute to public dissatisfaction. Moreover, economic constraints and shortcomings in urban planning have hindered efforts to build resilience against climate-related hazards such as floods and droughts. Overall, the results underscore the importance of integrated planning, equitable development, diversified green spaces, infrastructure enhancement, and educational outreach to improve quality of life and strengthen Birjand’s resilience to climate change.
eskandarisani, M. , Ramezani, Z. and Esmailnjad, M. (2026). Identifying Climate Change Adaptation Strategies through Green Infrastructure in Birjand. Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, (), -. doi: 10.22111/gaij.2026.54884.3340
MLA
eskandarisani, M. , , Ramezani, Z. , and Esmailnjad, M. . "Identifying Climate Change Adaptation Strategies through Green Infrastructure in Birjand", Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, , , 2026, -. doi: 10.22111/gaij.2026.54884.3340
HARVARD
eskandarisani, M., Ramezani, Z., Esmailnjad, M. (2026). 'Identifying Climate Change Adaptation Strategies through Green Infrastructure in Birjand', Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, (), pp. -. doi: 10.22111/gaij.2026.54884.3340
CHICAGO
M. eskandarisani , Z. Ramezani and M. Esmailnjad, "Identifying Climate Change Adaptation Strategies through Green Infrastructure in Birjand," Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, (2026): -, doi: 10.22111/gaij.2026.54884.3340
VANCOUVER
eskandarisani, M., Ramezani, Z., Esmailnjad, M. Identifying Climate Change Adaptation Strategies through Green Infrastructure in Birjand. Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, 2026; (): -. doi: 10.22111/gaij.2026.54884.3340
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