تبیین نظری ساختار شهر فشردۀ چندهسته‌ای به‌منظور ایجاد فرم شهری پایدار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا دانشگاه تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

10.22111/gaij.2021.6660

چکیده

ساختار فضایی شهرها پس از تغییرات تکنولوژیک و افزایش رشد جمعیت، تغییرات زیادی کرده و از ساختار تک‌هسته‌ای فشرده به ساختار گسترده و پراکنده تبدیل شده که چالش‌های زیادی را ایجاد کرده و زندگی و رفاه انسان را با مشکل مواجه کرده‌ است. تلاش برای دستیابی به ساختار و فرم شهری پایدار بعد از نیمۀ دوم قرن بیستم شدت بیشتری گرفت و راهکارهایی مانند رشد هوشمند، نوشهرگرایی، توسعۀ میان‌افزا و شهر فشرده ارائه شده است. در ادامۀ روند تغییر ساختار شهرها، ساختار شهر چندهسته‌ای در شهرهای بزرگ نمود پیدا کرده است. شکل‌گیری ساختار چندهسته‌ای در شهرهای بزرگ اجتناب‌ناپذیر است؛ بنابراین برای افزایش پایداری در فرم شهری و تحقق توسعۀ پایدار شهری، لازم است تا ساختار چندهسته‌ای با رویکردهای پیشین، مانند شهر فشرده ترکیب شود. هدف اصلی پژوهش، تبیین نظریِ رویکرد ساختار فشردۀ چندهسته‌ای در چارچوب نظریه‌های برنامه‌ریزی شهری است. در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش مرور مطالعات مرتبط با پراکنده‌رویی، شهر فشرده و ساختار چندهسته‌ای، چارچوب نظری برای ترکیب ساختارهای شهر فشرده و چندهسته‌ای ارائه شد. دستاورد پژوهش این است که شهر فشرده چندهسته‌ای با شاخص‌هایی مانند افزایش تراکم، تقویت حمل‌ونقل عمومی، افزایش کاربری ترکیبی، تسهیل خدمات‌رسانی، کاهش فاصله بین محل سکونت و محل کار، تشدیدسازی و میان افزایی به‌عنوان آخرین ساختار برای تحقق توسعۀ پایدار شهری پیشنهاد می‌شود. رویکرد شهر فشرده چندهسته‌ای از سه ساختار پراکنده‌‌رویی، شهر فشرده و ساختار چندهسته‌ای برای دستیابی به فرم شهر پایدار بهره می‌گیرد. شهرهایی که با پدیدۀ پراکنده‌رویی مواجه می‌شوند، می‌توانند با ایجاد و تقویت هسته‌ها فشردگی را افزایش دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Theoretical Explanation of Polycentric Compact City Structure to Create a Sustainable Urban form

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmood Arvin 1
  • Ahmad Poor Ahmad 2
چکیده [English]

The spatial structure of cities has changed a lot after technological changes and population growth and they have shifted from a monocentric compact city structure to an extended and scattered structure that poses many challenges and they have made human life and well-being difficult. Efforts to achieve a sustainable urban structure and form intensified after the second half of the twentieth century and solutions such as smart growth, urbanism, infill development, and a compact city are offered. Following the process of changing the structure of cities, the structure of polycentric city has become apparent in large cities. The formation of a polycentric structure in large cities is inevitable. Therefore, in order to increase sustainability in the urban form and achieve sustainable urban development, it is necessary to combine the polycentric city structure with previous approaches such as the compact city. The main purpose of the research is to explain theoretically the approach of polycentric compact city structure within the framework of urban planning theories. In this study, using the review method of studies related to urban sprawl, compact city and polycentric structure, the theoretical framework of combining compact and polycentric structures was explained. The research results suggest that a compact city with several indicators such as increasing density, strengthening public transport, increasing mixed land use, facilitating service delivery, reducing the distance between home and work, intensification and infill are proposed as the last structure to achieve sustainable urban development. Polycentric compact city approach takes advantage from the three structures of sprawl, compact city and polycentric city to achieve a sustainable city form.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban Structure
  • urban sustainable development
  • sprawl
  • Compact City
  • Of Polycentric Structure

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جغرافیا و آمایش شهری منطقه‌ای
دوره 11، شماره 41
زمستان 1400
صفحه 253-286

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 بهمن 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 بهمن 1400

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