نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا گرایش مخاطرات محیطی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه جغرافیا ، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Accelerating climate change and its intensifying impacts on dry and semi‑arid cities highlight the urgent need for adaptive, green‑infrastructure‑based approaches in urban spatial planning. Birjand, characterized by an arid climate, limited water resources, and unbalanced urban expansion, faces high vulnerability to rising temperatures, urban heat island effects, severe drought, and flash floods. Despite scattered studies on green infrastructure in Iran, the simultaneous examination of spatial justice, spatial distribution of green spaces, and their role in climate adaptation in small arid cities such as Birjand remains limited, revealing a significant research gap. This study aims to identify effective green infrastructure strategies for climate adaptation within Birjand’s urban spatial planning. A mixed‑methods approach was employed, including vegetation change analysis using NDVI derived from Sentinel‑2 imagery (2017–2024), GIS‑based spatial analysis (spatial autocorrelation and kernel density), statistical analysis of expert questionnaires (n = 50) using SPSS, and qualitative interviews with urban and environmental specialists. The findings indicate that Birjand’s green infrastructure is currently at a lower‑to‑moderate performance level. Green space distribution is spatially uneven and clustered (concentrated in central, high‑density districts and insufficient in the south and west). Weak connectivity within the green network reduces ecosystem services, while public awareness and urban planning practices inadequately reflect the role of green infrastructure in climate resilience. NDVI analysis shows a relative decline in vegetation cover during the study period, driven by climatic pressures and urban expansion. Key strategies highlighted by the study include the use of drought‑resistant native species (e.g., Haloxylon, Tamarix, Melia azedarach), adoption of smart irrigation systems, establishment of continuous green corridors, development of pocket parks and green roofs/walls, and strengthening community engagement through education. These measures not only enhance climate and environmental resilience but also promote spatial justice and improve quality of life within Birjand’s urban planning framework.
By offering a localized framework tailored to the dry‑climate cities of eastern Iran, this study contributes new insights to the existing literature and provides practical recommendations for integrated climate‑responsive policymaking.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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